Section 1717: Action To Avoid Enforcement Of A Contract Is “On The Contract” For Purposes Of Civil Code Section 1717 Fee Recovery

 

Party’s Effort To Invalidate Agreements With Fee Clause Did the Trick For Fee Entitlement.

     In Eden Township Healthcare Dist. v. Eden Medical Center, Case No. A136695 (1st Dist.,, Div. 1 Oct. 9, 2013) (published), cross-defendant appealed a lower court’s decision denying it attorney’s fees under Civil Code section 1717 after cross-complainant lost a declaratory relief action to declare certain agreements illegal and void even though there was a fees clause in the operative agreements between the parties.

     This fee denial was reversed. An action to avoid enforcement of a contract is “on the contract” within the meaning of section 1717 fee entitlement. (Douglas E. Barnhart, Inc. v. CMC Fabricators, Inc., 211 Cal.App.4th 230, 241-242 (2012); Turner v. Schultz, 175 Cal.App.4th 974, 977-980 (2009).) Because the losing cross-complainant had “teed up” the issue, it did not matter whether cross-defendant had asserted its own affirmative claim to enforce the contract but did beat cross-complainant’s issue. “We conclude awarding attorney fees to the party who successfully thwarts the other party’s efforts to have a contract declared void at its inception is consistent with the mutuality of remedy doctrine [of section 1717].” (Slip Opn., p. 12.) Reversed and remanded to fix attorney’s fees in cross-defendant’s favor.

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